Test Yourself

By the time I got to Penn for my first year of college, I thought I was already a pretty good programmer. Completely self-taught, I had written two major systems in Turbo Pascal ... one of them was a complete inventory system for a small factory, while the other scheduled all the production at one of Israel's largest bakeries.

It took me until the midterm exams to realize I wasn't as smart as I thought. I completely screwed up some questions, because I still didn't get pointers and I still didn't get recursion.

Never one to hold a grudge, I share those midterm questions with you... see if you can do better than I did freshman year.

1a. (MIT-Scheme) Using the function

(define (accumulate combiner null-value l) 
   (if (null? l)
       null-value
       (combiner (car l)
                 (accumulate combiner
                             null-value
                             (cdr l)))))

Implement sum-of-squares, which calculates the sum of squares of a list, for example

(sum-of-squares '(1 2 3 4 5))

should evaluate to 55.

(For the answer, select the text in the box:)

(define (sum-of-squares l)
   (accumulate (lambda (x y) (+ (* x x) y))
               0
               l))

1b. (JavaScript) OK, maybe Scheme is not your thing. This question is equivalent to 1a, in JavaScript.

Using the function

function accumulate(combiner, nullValue, l)
{
	if (l.length == 0)
		return nullValue;
	var first = l.shift();
	return combiner(first, accumulate(combiner, nullValue, l));
}

Implement sumOfSquares, which calculates the sum of squares of a list, for example

sumOfSquares([1,2,3,4,5])

should evaluate to 55.

(For the answer, select the text in the box:)

function sumOfSquares(lst)
{
	return accumulate(function(x,y){return x*x+y}, 0, lst);
}

2. (ANSI C) Write a C program of the following form:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
   ???
}

such that, after compiling it, it can be executed as

% ./a.out could harold eat eight salami elephants

and it will print the first letter of every argument (in this case, "cheese").

(For the answer, select the text in the box:)

#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  int i;
  for (i=1; i<argc; i++)
  {
    putchar(argv[i][0]);
  }
  putchar('\n');
  return 0;
}

3. (ANSI C) What is the output of the following C program?

#include <stdio.h>

char *fn(int i, char *s)
{
  while (i)
  {
    s++;
    i--;
  }

  return s;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  int a = 2;
  static char c[] = "test";

  printf("%s\n", fn(a,c));

  return 0;
}

(For the answer, select the text in the box:)

st (followed by a newline)

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About the Author: I’m your host, Joel Spolsky, a software developer in New York City. Since 2000, I've been writing about software development, management, business, and the Internet on this site. For my day job, I run Fog Creek Software, makers of FogBugz—the smart bug tracking software with the stupid name, and Fog Creek Copilot—the easiest way to provide remote tech support over the Internet, with nothing to install or configure.

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